Hovedbudskap
Rutinemessig kontroll av serumprolaktin anbefales ved bruk av antipsykotika som kan gi hyperprolaktinemi
I noen tilfeller kan prolaktinforhøyelse utgjøres av makroprolaktin med liten eller ingen biologisk aktivitet
Ved funn av hyperprolaktinemi under antipsykotikabehandling bør inntil videre serumprøven også analyseres ved laboratorium som foretar underanalyse for makroprolaktin
- 1.
Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology. 15. utg. London: Appleton & Lange, 1991: 397 – 9.
- 2.
Bole-Feysot C, Goffin V, Edery M et al. Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: Actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout mice. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 225 – 68.
- 3.
Haddad PM, Wieck A. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. Mechanisms, clinical features and management. Drugs 2004; 64: 2291 – 314.
- 4.
Hamner M. The effects of atypical antipsychotics on serum prolactin levels. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2002; 14: 163 – 73.
- 5.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM. Neuroleptic drugs. I: Pharmacology. 3. utg. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1995: 567 – 75.
- 6.
Smith SM, O’Keane V, Murray R. Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication. BMJ 2002; 181: 49 – 55.
- 7.
Kinon BJ, Gilmore JA, Liu H et al. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients treated with conventional antipsychotic medications or risperidone. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28: 55 – 68
- 8.
Melkersson KI, Hulting AL, Rane AJ. Dose requirement and prolactin elevation of antipsychotics in male and female patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 51: 317 – 24.
- 9.
El-Sayeh HG, Morganti C. Aripiprazol for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 2: CD004578.
- 10.
Sinha YN. Structural variants of prolactin: Occurrence and physiological significance. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 354 – 69.
- 11.
Suliman AM, Smith TP, Gibney J et al. Frequent misdiagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemic patients before the introduction of macroprolactin screening: Application of a new strict laboratory definition of macroprolactinemia. Clin Chem 2003; 49: 1504 – 9.
- 12.
Fahie-Wilson M. In hyperprolactinemia, testing for macroprolactin is essential. Clin Chem 2003; 49: 1434 – 6.
- 13.
Gibney J, Smith TP, McKenna TJ. The impact on clinical practice of routine screening for macroprolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 3927 – 32.
- 14.
Valdermarsson S. Makroprolaktinemi. Risk för felaktig utredning och behandling ved hyperprolaktinemi. Läkartidningen 2004; 101: 458 – 65.
- 15.
Hattori N, Inagaki C. Anti-prolactin (PRL) autoantibodies cause asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia: Bioassay and clearance studies of PRL-immunoglobulin G complex. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3107 – 10.
- 16.
Schlechte JA. The macroprolactin problem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 5408 – 9.
- 17.
Valette-Kasic S, Morange-Ramos I, Selim A et al. Macroprolactinemia revisited: A study on 106 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 581 – 8.
- 18.
Mounier C, Trouillas J, Claustrat B et al. Macroprolactineaemia associated with prolactin adenoma. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 853 – 7.
- 19.
De Schepperer J, Schiettecatte J, Velkeniers B et al. Clincal and biological characterization of macroprolactinemia with and without prolactin-IgG complexes. Eur J Endocrinol 2003; 149: 201 – 7.
- 20.
Hattori N. The frequency of macroprolactinemia in pregnant women and the heterogeneity of its etiologies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 586 – 90.
- 21.
Hattori N, Ikekubo K, Ishihara T et al. Correlation of the antibody titers with serum prolactin levels and their clinical course in patients with anti-prolactin autoantibody. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 130: 438 – 45.